ʻO ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana o ka ikehu honua, piʻi aʻe ka mahana o ka ʻāina, ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu kanaka a me ka ʻike kaiapuni e hoʻoikaika mālie ʻia, me ka manaʻo o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni LED ʻoihana e ulu nei, a puni ka honua, no laila ua lilo ka ʻoihana LED i kukui honua. ʻoihana hoʻopakele, nā aupuni honua ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma lalo o ka huikau o ka pilikia kālā e like me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻoihana, kahi ala maikaʻi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka helu hana, ʻo Kina ka ʻāina e hoʻolauleʻa nei, manaʻo hope loaʻa ʻo Chris i ka nani, kahi manawa kūpono e hana i ka honua-papa 'enehana, a pau 'enehana, kukui 'oihana i ka hana i kapa 'ia ma luna o ke aupuni kālā, kākoʻo, kokua no ka LED oihana, inaina ole i ka pō i LED kukui e pani ma kekahi kihi o ka honua, koke e emi honua wela elua. ʻOi aku ma ke kahua o nā ʻoihana like ʻole o Kina ʻaʻole hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia ka inaina i nā mea a pau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka ʻoihana LED e like me ka mea i kapa ʻia he 500 billion a i ʻole trillions o nā kālā o ka "keke nui".
Akā ʻo kēia ka hihia? Ua hiki i kā mākou ʻenehana kukui LED i ka pō hiki ke pani i nā pae kukui āpau? E nānā pono kākou i ka pae honua a me ka pae home ma kēia kahua he aha ke kūlana?
A, ʻEulopa,
Makeke: ka 'ike o ka 'Eulopa kanaka o ka hoomalu kaiapuni, ikehu conservation a oi oo, o ka 'ae' ana i ka nohona kaiapuni huahana ua kiʻekiʻe, a me ka European Union i mua manao i ka hoʻopau 'ana i ka incandescent kukui o pili kānāwai ua hoʻomaka, aupuni ma ke kahua o ka noi. o nā kukui ho'ōla ikehu a me nā kukui LED ua hoʻokomo i kahi papahana kōkua (he kōkua i ke kumukūʻai huahana o 30% ~ 55%), no laila ma ke kahua o ka honua, ʻo ka mākeke ʻEulopa i nā noi kukui LED o popularization a me TuiGuangLv kiʻekiʻe, i kēia manawa i loko o kekahi mau ʻāina nui ʻEulopa i loaʻa i kahi kūʻai kūʻai nui nui ma lalo o 10 w LED puʻupuʻu a me nā huahana kukui, nā kukui ʻEulopa o philips a me nā kukui kukui osram ma Frankfurt i ka makahiki 2010 noi nui i kāna huahana huahana, a hoʻomaka i ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻolaha. o na ala kuai.
ʻenehana: no ka mea, ʻo nā ʻāina ʻEulopa i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kūlana i hoʻohui pinepine ʻia ma muli o nā makemake like ʻole a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ke kumu i nā ʻōnaehana he nui a hoʻohālikelike i kahi ʻano lohi, ʻo ka mākeke ʻEulopa i ke komo ʻana i nā kūlana kūpono a me ka paepae ʻenehana he mea wehe, CE no ke kukui paʻa. (SSL) ʻenehana no ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i ke kikoo i ka hapa nui o ka kuhikuhi ʻana i kekahi mau koi ʻenehana o ke kumu kukui maʻamau, ʻaʻohe loli nui.
Enterprise: e like me ka Europa kukui kuʻuna pilikua pilikua philips a me ka osram ua hoomaka 2000 makahiki aku nei a i ole hoʻopukapuka kālā nui i ke kumu LED kukui 'ike loea noiʻi, me ka osram i keʻokeʻo LED me ka fluorescent mea ua alakai, akā, osram i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua kuai lilo aku ma ke kuai kuai. ʻO ka encapsulation o ke kukui kukui keʻokeʻo ma Indonesia, ma ke kula o nā ʻano hoʻolaha hoʻolaha kukui maʻamau, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ke kukui pōpō o loko a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka papa module; Ua loaʻa iā Philips nā pōmaikaʻi, me kāna kapikala ma ke kahua o ka noi LED kūʻai mua ʻana i nā hui lumileds ʻAmelika i nā pono ʻenehana a me nā papahana ʻē aʻe, i ka ʻenehana kumu a me nā patent pili ma hope o ka mining ma ka mākeke ʻo Kina a ke ʻimi nei i nā ʻoihana foundry kiʻekiʻe e hana OEM no ka iā ia, a me nā kūlana koʻikoʻi a me nā kauoha OEM i hoʻopili nui ʻia i maunu e hoʻonui ai i ka loaʻa kālā.
Alternative kālailai: philips a me ka osram paipai 'ana i loko o ke kula o LED kukui e e kālele 'ana ma luna o Europa a me Amelika kuai ma ka 2012 makahiki aku nei, ka Wolf i foundry 'oihana ma ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka aina Kina ma hope o 2012 e komo i ka Asian market, me ka China ka ho'āʻo 'ike ma. ke kahua o ka ʻenehana noiʻi no lākou e loaʻa ai ka loaʻa kālā.
ʻO ʻAmelika
Makeke: no ka hopena o ka pilikia kālā, ua hoʻomaka nā ʻAmelika e ʻohi i ka haggle calculator ma luna o kēlā me kēia auneke o kāna mau kumukūʻai, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai ma mua o ke kukui kuʻuna, ʻo nā huahana kukui LED i nā manawa a pau ʻAmelika kekahi kānalua a ʻike. No laila ʻaʻole hiki i kēlā me kēia mākeke nui a me nā hale kūʻai nui ke ʻike i nā hale kūʻai huahana noi kukui LED a me ka hoʻolaha nui ʻana, hiki i kekahi manawa ke ʻike i kekahi o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ke kukui uila a me nā huahana kukui pō liʻiliʻi.
ʻenehana: ua koʻikoʻi ka poʻe ʻAmelika e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mākeke, ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka maʻamau hōkū ikehu, no ka mea, ua hoʻokumu ʻia a hoʻomohala ʻia ka UL draft standard, akā ua hele pū ʻia me nā kūlana ʻē aʻe e hoʻomohala a me nā kūkākūkā ʻana, ʻoiai ka ʻO nā huahana noi LED ʻo ʻEulopa a me ka United States e hana i kahi hui chip i kaulana, nui koke i hāʻule i ka mākeke kūʻai o ka manawa o ka honua, akā ma muli o ka UL palapala hōʻoia uku pipiʻi a paʻakikī, alakaʻi i ka mākeke kukui ma North. Ua hoʻomaka maoli ka mākeke ʻAmelika ma hope o 2012.
ʻOihana: ma United States CREE, lumileds, nā hui e like me bridgeLUx LED kahi hui o nā ʻoihana hana chip LED e hoʻopaʻa paʻa i ka ʻenehana koʻikoʻi o ka LED chip fool a puni ka honua LED ʻenehana ua hiki ke hoʻololi i ka kukui kuʻuna, ka hale hana o ka. honua - Kina, e hoʻomaka i ka noiʻi huahana noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hana ʻana, pono mākou i kāu huahana, ke kūʻai aku nei ʻo US i ko lākou lima a ʻoi aku ma mua o 70% o ka loaʻa kālā margin traction waena a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka nui o nā hui noi e kūʻai ana i kā lākou huahana. , ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hui alakaʻi a i ʻole ka hui ʻana e hana ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokō i ka maʻamau ʻenehana huahana, ʻo ka ʻoihana hana ma ka ʻāina nui ʻo Kina e like me kā lākou ʻenehana ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana.
Alternative analysis: ʻAmelika ma ke kahua o ka ʻenehana LED ma ke ʻano he lua, akā ʻo ka hoʻolaha pāʻoihana ʻAmelika ʻoi loa ka honua honua, nakamura mai ka hui CREE i hoʻokomo i nā mea ʻelua mai Iapana a hiki i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ke ʻike i ka puka ʻana mai, ʻo ʻAmelika e like me ka tiger pōloli, ma ʻO ka ʻoihana LED, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻokaʻawale i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ko lākou mana a me ke alakaʻi mākeke paʻa i ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ke kaulahao ʻoihana o ka loulou kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻohana ʻia e hopu i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka hapa nui o $ 500 biliona mākeke.
ʻEkolu, ʻo ʻAsia, Iapana, South Korea a me Taiwan
Makeke: Ultra-kiʻekiʻe olinolino LED blu-ray enehana mea e ka Kepanī i ke kanawalu s i waho, no laila, i ka Kepani hui no ka LED kukui noi i ka honua o ka ohohia nui, no laila, i ka Japanese market no ke kākoʻo palapala alakai ua nui loa, me ka ikaika. nā helu no nā huahana LED i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ka hoʻolālā aupuni, nā huahana LED i ka ulu ʻana o ke kūʻai aku ma Iapana ua ʻoi loa ma mua o nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe; No South Korea a me Taiwan mau wahi me ka hana semiconductor maʻamau a me ka ʻenehana r&d, i kēia manawa i ka 70% o ka honua kiʻekiʻe-hope LED chip manufacturing hana ʻia ma kēia wahi, ʻo Iapana, kamaʻāina, osram, American bridgelux, semileds kokoke i ka hapa nui o lākou. he hana OEM ma Taiwan.
ʻenehana: a hiki i kēia manawa ke paʻa nei ʻo Iapana i ka ʻenehana hana ʻenehana LED kiʻekiʻe, a me ka ʻenehana phosphor kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka ʻeke, akā ma muli o ka blockade ʻenehana Iapana, loaʻa mau ka poʻe Kina i nā mea ʻē aʻe ErSanLiu ʻenehana a me nā huahana. ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau ʻenehana no ka hana ʻana i nā huahana i nā manawa a pau e kū ai i ka pilikia o nā koi hoʻopiʻi patent a kekahi. ʻOiai ke kākoʻo nei ke aupuni hema o Korea i ka ikaika o kāna kūʻai wikiwiki ʻana i nā ʻoihana honua e like me Samsung a me LG backlit LED chips, nā chip LED i hana ʻia e ke kanaka ma waho o ke kumukūʻai a piʻi paha ke kumukūʻai.
'Oihana: ma ka 'enehana LED mai ka upstream e encapsulate a me ka noi o ka 'oihana hiki ke olelo Kepani, Korean, Taiwan kekahi o ka loa nui 'oihana, wale na Kepanī ma Iapana, Toyota, mitsubishi kemika 'oihana LED e nā 'oihana i ka papa mua chip. phosphor a me ka optical mea enehana, ka Japanese kamaaina, koi, samsung, LG helu no ka pahupaʻi huahana e like me kiʻekiʻe-hope market, oiai Taiwan wafer, malamalama, kakini o na hui e like me ka ikaika, lite-on lilo i ka honua nui OEM kumu.
ʻO ka loiloi ʻē aʻe: ʻO Iapana a me South Korea he kumu ʻenehana maikaʻi a me ka mana aupuni e hāpai i ka noi ʻana o ka mākeke, nā LED haʻihaʻi i ka keke, e like lākou me kahi pūʻulu o nā ʻīlio hae, e hahai pono i ka wikiwiki o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ʻoihana segmentation i ke kiʻekiʻe. pau, hoolei i ka ErSanLiu huahana a me ka 'ike loea i loko o ka Pake kuai, Kina makemake e powa? He nui ka pilikia i manaʻo ʻia.
ʻO ka hā, ke kaulahao ʻoihana ma ka ʻāina nui o Kina
I kēia manawa, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke kaomi ma mua a ma hope o 2007, ua hoʻokumu ke aupuni Kina i nā kulekele kākoʻo like ʻole a me nā ana no ka ʻoihana LED. Loaʻa i kēia manawa ka nui o ka nui a i ʻole e pili ana i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea hana chip waena waena ma mua o 30, me nā huahana encapsulation waena e like me ke kino nui o ka ʻoihana nui i ka delta muliwai momi a me ka ʻāina ʻo Yangtze River delta, kāna hana. ʻO ka 60% o ka huina o ka honua, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā huahana noi terminal downstream, me kahi encapsulation LED a me ka noi, nā ʻoihana nui a me nā liʻiliʻi ma shenzhen a hiki i ka 3000.
Me ke alakaʻi hewa ʻana i ke kulekele aupuni, ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka ʻāina nui a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ke kapikala coxcombical ethos, a me nā ʻoihana aupuni nui, nā ʻoihana i helu ʻia, nā ʻoihana ʻoihana, a loaʻa ke kālā i ka luna, ke hōʻike nei nā hui LED i kahi blustery, holomua nalu ma luna o ka nalu. ʻO ka manawa ikaika a me ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻoihana me ka nānā iki i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "nui" e hoʻokumu i ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa, a hiki i ka honua holoʻokoʻa o ka photovoltaic industrial park i loko o nā makahiki ʻelua i hala ma ka liʻiliʻi loa e like me 50, he aha ka mea hou aku, ʻo kekahi. ʻekolu pae 4 kalana a me nā kūlanakauhale i ʻōlelo ʻia e kūkulu i ka paka ʻoihana photovoltaic nui loa o ka honua.
Ma hope o ʻelima mau makahiki, ʻaʻole mākou ʻike i kēia mau mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "nui" ka hopena ʻoihana, hopohopo e pili ana i ka hopena o kēia wikiwiki ʻo ka resin cross field. Vicious kumu kūʻai hoʻokūkū, i ka hopena e lilo i ka nui manpower, mea,ʻaʻole wale i ka hopena o ka neoneo o ka waiwai, aina a hoopuehuia i loko o ka hubbub, a hope mai ka lanakila o ke kaua i loko o ke koko hiki maʻalahi hopu e ka honua kukui kanaka nunui. a i ʻole ke kapikala honua, ʻo ka ʻoihana LED i ka hopena e hana nei no nā mea ʻē aʻe JiaYiChang e ʻike ʻia.
E lawe i ke kaona o Zhongshan Guzhen, no ka laʻana: ʻoiai ʻo ka hāʻule ʻana o ka pilikia kālā o ka honua i ka makahiki 2008 i alakaʻi ʻia i ka ʻoihana kukui guzhen o ka bapetizo ʻana, akā ma muli o ka ikaika o ka mākeke kūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma Kina, ʻo ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Zhongshan Guzhen ke ahi i kēia manawa. marketing momentum ʻaʻole nalo i kāna pā. E like me ka LED kukui 'oihana, ke kaona me he mea lā e hoʻokomo 'ia i ka ulu nui o ka "punawai", ke aupuni kūloko o ka ambition a me nā 'ano like 'ole o ka 'āina semiconductor hui 'aha kūkā a me nā kuʻikahi, manaʻolana me ke kōkua o ka semiconductor kukui dongfeng hana global LED kukui. makeke a hui ʻoihana.
E noʻonoʻo iki, i kēia manawa ma ka ʻoihana kūlanakauhale kahiko kaulana kahi huaʻōlelo i kapa ʻia "ʻaʻohe mea maikaʻi (ʻoi aku), ʻo ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa loa ()". "ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia ma muli o nā huahana pili aupuni o nā kūlana i hui pū ʻia a me ke komo ʻana o ka mākeke a me ka ʻōnaehana nānā ʻana, i ka ʻoihana chaoyang LED ʻaʻole i hoʻomaka, ua hoʻokumu i ka ʻoihana he haumia, nā huahana i hana ʻia, ʻaʻole paʻa ka hana. ʻO ka manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole i ka noʻonoʻo o nā mea kūʻai aku, no ka poʻe makemake e hana maoli i kahi huahana kūpono, koi i ka ʻenehana, nā ʻoihana maikaʻi e hakakā nei e ola.
Alternative kālailai: China ka LED hana i kēia manawa e like me ka holoholona hihiu e dodge i ka hui o ka hipa ma luna o ka mauʻu, mau manaʻo i ka mauʻu ua lawa nui, hiki ke 'ai i kāu hana, akā, keia disorderly hoʻokūkū no ka lōʻihi? Ma hope o ka hakakā ʻino kekahi i ka hopena o ke kumu waina a i ʻole ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o nā nunui kukui honua ma ka inoa o ka ʻaelike a kūʻai mālie.
ʻO Hero, ke kāhea nei mākou i nā ʻoihana e makemake ana i kahi "hana mana", akā pono e kūkulu ʻia ka moeʻuhane ma kahi kūpaʻa e hana maikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana a hoʻolohe i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa limahana, ʻaʻohe mea e hele ai, mai hele i ka ʻike ʻoihana ʻoihana ʻaʻole lōʻihi. manawa.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-10-2016